The purpose of this research was to understand the lived experience of one of the most often digitally excluded groups: former refugees and marginalised migrants with English as a second language.

The research includes personal insights, and identifies barriers, challenges and pain points of this group’s digital inclusion journey while considering their settlement experience in Aotearoa New Zealand at these time periods — the first 3 months and first 3 years.

Access and skills are the 2 main barriers to digital inclusion. A lower English language proficiency, cultural barriers and lower socio-economic status are other factors forming impediments to digital inclusion for this group.

The report includes key findings and research recommendations (not government policy) for government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to consider in order to improve digital inclusion for former refugees and marginalised migrants in New Zealand.